How to make energy storage power stations safer and more reliable?

▌Why there are safety risks in centralized energy storage power stations, we can explain from the perspective of electric energy.
Voltage and current are one-dimensional, pure voltage, if there is no current, there is no danger, such as 10KV, 220KV high-voltage lines, we use an insulator to contact, because the resistance is very large, there is almost no current, so there is no risk. In the same way, pure current, if the voltage is very low, below 48V, will not harm the human body. Power is the product of voltage and current, which is two-dimensional. When the power reaches a certain program, it will be dangerous. In a photovoltaic system, components, inverters, switches, and cables have power, so these devices need to be protected, mainly for insulation protection and temperature protection.

The energy storage battery is the product of voltage, current and time. It is three-dimensional. It can store the energy emitted by photovoltaic modules for several hours or even days. It has the highest risk program in photovoltaic systems. Because in the event of an accident, the battery may release the energy stored for several days in a few seconds, and the power may be amplified by dozens to hundreds of times. If an accident occurs in the centralized energy storage, it will be transmitted and superimposed on each other, and the risk factor will increase with the capacity of the power station.

▌Where is the safety risk of the energy storage power station, it can also be explained from the perspective of equipment principle and protection.

The battery is divided into two polarities, positive and negative. These two poles must be insulated, and the load and the battery must be electrically isolated to prevent conduction, because the load cannot be controlled by the energy storage power station. This insulation and isolation mainly rely on insulating materials and electrical switches. However, insulating materials and conductive materials are not very strict, and will transform into each other under certain conditions. The insulating material may be carbonized at high temperatures and become conductive materials. The isolation switch may also break down under high pressure. Reverse high voltage, under the impact of surge, may also be abnormally turned on.
Electric power storage is the most effective way to solve the volatility of new energy sources such as photovoltaic wind power, and photovoltaic wind power is the most critical way for the country to achieve carbon neutrality. Energy storage is the main line of the entire electric power exploration, so despite the difficulties encountered in electric energy storage, the state will not cancel it, but will intensify its development and continue to move forward.
Centralized energy storage needs to be equipped with very strong safety protection measures, and the cost will be very high. Distributed energy storage in strings adopts DC coupling method to disperse the energy storage batteries and place them together with the string inverters. This reduces the risk of energy storage plants.